Private U.S. Mints and in house metal refineries have numbered in the dozens over the years. Major minting errors from silver rounds to gambling tokens are very popular and eagerly sought by collectors. Erratic record keeping of mintage numbers and identifying which private mint produced major errors can be a challenge to research. It is in-fact on occasion impossible because many rounds and tokens were struck with no identification such as a specific mint's name, privy mark, or mintmark.

First is a vintage undated $1 brass Binion Horseshoe Casino token. Binion's Horseshoe Casino was located in downtown Las Vegas, Nevada.

The obverse was double struck and indented with a previously die struck token. The intruding token between the first and multiply strikes resulted in a 40% indent hosting a crisp partial brockage of the reverse design on the obverse. Altogether, it makes for a beautiful combination of errors.

It was struck by United Silver Mint (USM) during the late 1970s and 1980s. I have been unable to find any specific background or historical information on USM.

Next, a vintage 1990 $1 Primadonna Resort and Casino token. Primadonna's Casino is located in Jean, Nevada. Today, it has been rebranded as "Primm Valley Resort and Casino" on the Nevada - California state line just right of U.S. interstate I-15.

It is an exceptional major error with multi-struck features and a beautiful full brockage on the reverse face. This token indicates a "First Edition" in the die design and as such can be dated as a 1990 issue.

It was struck by United Silver Mint (USM). USM was in operation for well over a decade. I have been thwarted finding specific background or historical information concerning USM. While frustrating after searching for two years for the origins of USM, I admit enjoying the mystery. A number of private mints have been silently absorbed by other entities in the past. Details of this private mint, (and several others I've researched), may never reveal themselves. It is my hope someone knowledgeable will someday come forward and unveil precise historical information.